Chronic Liver Disease
Chronic Liver Disease
Chronic liver disease could have many severe complications, oftentimes there are few symptoms until the liver has lost enough of its function due to long term scarring, that it can no longer perform its job. This will lead to certain symptoms caused by this reduced liver function, chronic inflammation, pain in the tummy where the liver is located, fatigue, vomiting, digestive problems, change in stool color, and yellowing of the skin, which is called jaundice.
The underlying conditions leading to liver disease can be viral infections, obesity, inherited factors, or even autoimmune diseases. All these can cause similar symptoms as they all affect the same organ in similar ways, long term inflammation and irritation leading to scarring which ends in liver cirrhosis (hardening of the tissue) or, possibly, cancer.
Viral Hepatitis infection can lead to inflammation when left for long periods of time untreated or when infected repeatedly. Obesity and heavy alcohol use can damage the liver leading to fatty liver disease. Hemochromatosis is either an inherited condition or an effect of other medical conditions/treatments, in which the liver stores too much iron leading to toxicity, it can end in cirrhosis, enlargement and even cancer. There are also cases where the scarring in the liver is caused by your own immune system. In Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) the immune system damages the biliary ducts that transport bile made in the liver to the intestinal system and the gallbladder for storage. If bile cannot exit the liver it also leads to toxicity and, in the long term, scarring. Your immune system can even attack certain cells or proteins in your liver which will, over time, also cause chronic liver disease. This is called Autoimmune hepatitis and, just like viral hepatitis, it will cause inflammation and scarring. In the clinic, certain tests must be undergone to determine the cause of the liver damage. Blood tests can be done to analyze the presence of certain markers in the blood showing inflammation, tissue damage, or iron levels. Imaging studies, such as a CT scan or MRI will allow Dr. Desalermos to see signs of damage and scarring to the liver and biliary tract. However, in certain cases, a small tissue sample, called a biopsy, can be taken using a small needle inserted into the liver, allowing the doctor to view the cells of the liver and the extent of their damage. Treatment of this condition could be possible and may take a long time, this is because at the clinic we will focus on treating the underlying condition causing the issues within the liver as well as the symptoms causing the pain and discomfort. In the short term, different medications may be required depending on the specific liver disease. Lifestyle changes, weight loss and changes to the diet can help in the long term with fatty liver disease, stopping the cause of the inflammation in the liver.